The U.S. Department of Education initiated three federal reviews in October to determine whether two universities and a New Jersey school district have violated Title VI of the 1964 Civil Rights Act.

The Education Department’s Office for Civil Rights started investigations into Rutgers University in New Brunswick, N.J. (Oct. 18) and Vanderbilt University in Nashville (Oct. 24).

Also underway is a probe of the Caldwell-West Caldwell Public Schools in northern New Jersey, which began on Oct. 21.

The complaints center on a failure to address “national origin discrimination involving religion.”